Memory Matters: Delving into the Different Types of Memory
Our memory plays a vital role in the cognitive functions of our brain. Most of these memories are tangible, as discussed in the last article. The firing of neurons allows us to store and retrieve important information, shaping our experiences, behaviors, and identities. Although it is very obvious that memories are an essential part of what makes us unique. There are different types of memories that everyone of us possesses, and we also have varying levels of affinity for each type of memory. For example, some people have difficulty remembering names, and some people are great at remembering numbers. Some people are good with math, and some people are good with emotions. There are many more examples of what an individual is comfortable with. In this article, we’ll delve into the four primary types of memories that create these differences and explore their functions, formation, and impact on our daily lives.
Topics of Discussion
1. Sensory Memory
Sensory memory is our first point of contact with the outside world. The five types of senses—touch, sight, hearing, smell, and taste—send stimuli or signals to the brain, where the information is processed in real time. Because of these senses, we develop a perception of living in the moment. As our brain captures sensory impressions, neurons hold these impressions briefly after the stimulation has ended. Just like when we turn off a halogen light bulb, the bulb is turned off, but the heat and energy linger on for a few milliseconds until the bulb is completely off. During this short time, our brain comes into action and decides: Is this information worth storing? Think of it as a snapshot of our sensory experiences. There are three main types of sensory memory: Iconic Memory, Echoic Memory, and Haptic Memory. Although learning about each one in detail will divert us away from today’s topic. Hence, we have linked to a few articles where you can learn more about these types of sensory memories.
2. Short-term Memory (SMT)
As we know, sensory memories are very short-lived in our brains. But they have lasting effects. Once a neuron cluster is fired, it often becomes a catalyst to fire other neighboring neuron clusters. This is because they have preferred communication partners. But this is a fleeing effect. In other words, our brain follows the Law of Conservation of Energy, and the energy is getting used up between each neuron. Neurons retain and absorb some energy, and simultaneously, some energy is wasted in the communication system. This is why not all of the neurons in our brain fire for every activity or experience, as this will be very inefficient.
Because of this, a strange phenomenon happens. Aside from the neuron clusters that were fired because of external stimulation events (let’s call it “Main Cluster.”), some other random neuron clusters also get engaged in the activity. Let’s assume two more clusters get engaged; let’s call them “Cluster One” and “Cluster Two.” Now, Cluster One has a lot of energy, and it transmits electrical signals throughout its own close network neural cluster. Maybe because it gained energy from Cluster One or because it was the end of Main Cluster. Cluster Two is not very fortunate; it gets less energy; hence, it is not able to propagate information within its own close network neural cluster. The signal dies down before it can reach the end of a cluster. These can be categorized as small memories that are very short-lived, as they lack any structure or relevance. But our brain is very efficient; it saves these memories as short-term memories in our subconscious mind. These are the same memories that are processed as we sleep.
There are some theories that suggest that short-term memories, or SMTs, stay in our minds for only 30 minutes. Very oddly specific number, don’t you think? Well, at Brilliant Supply Chain, we believe that short-term memories stay in our brains for a lot longer. But there are some conditions for retaining these short-term memories. Only memories that satisfy being logical or emotional have a higher probability of being stored. As discussed before, when random neuron clusters are firing, at the time of memory generation, there is a reverberation of neighboring neuron clusters. At this time, the signal travels farthest and widest across the clusters, which have strong bonds. As we tend to fire old neuron clusters, they serve as guiding points for recalling the new memory. In other words, we tend to find logical checkpoints for recalling the new memory. Similarly, emotional memories tend to last longer and have a higher reverberation rate, giving us more time to find these logical checkpoints for emotional memories.
3. Long-term Memory (LMT)
After understanding short-term memory, long-term memories are easy. There are only two conditions for us to store memories as long-term memories. Repetition of memory with recall and Emotional Connection. Long-term memories are formed once the neuron clusters of newly formed bonds between neurons get so strong that they become part of us forever. These bonds are so strong that we are often unable to break them, like watching television, smoking, or our behavior. To change these hard-wired habits, it requires implementing drastic changes to rewire them. Long-term memory has a master called the Hippocampus. This is the memory controller of the brain that facilitates the storage and recall of memories.
Now, this differentiates the long-term memory into two different types:
- Implicit (Unconscious) Memory: This includes procedural memory (skills and habits) and classical conditioning effects. You ride a bike without consciously recalling each step, thanks to implicit memory. One thing to note is that unconscious memory is responsible for the generation of 70% of the new ideas that we get. We will explore the creation of new ideas and the role of the subconscious mind in a separate article called “Creative Thinking.”
- Explicit (Conscious) Memory: Explicit memory involves deliberate recall. It includes episodic memory (personal events) and semantic memory (general knowledge). Remembering your last vacation or reciting historical facts relies on explicit memory.
4. Working Memory
Working memory is like RAM in a computer system. Where information is stored temporarily. Simultaneously, our brain comes equipped with a pre-built organic operation system, because of which we can process information in real time. The Mental Workspace Working memory expands upon the concept of short-term memory, encompassing both storage and manipulation of information. Working memory plays a crucial role in cognitive tasks that require complex reasoning, planning, and decision-making. It is essential for activities such as learning, problem-solving, and language comprehension. The processing of information is very fast, and we can instantly react to a situation because of our working memory.
5. Conclusion
Our exploration of the various types of memory reveals the intricate workings of human cognition. From the fleeting impressions of sensory memory to the enduring recollections of long-term memory, each type serves a distinct purpose in shaping our experiences and behaviors. Understanding these memory processes empowers us to optimize our learning strategies, problem-solving techniques, and emotional regulation. Memory is not just a passive repository of past events; it’s a dynamic force that influences our present actions and future decisions. As we continue to delve into the complexities of memory, let us appreciate the profound role it plays in shaping our identities and enriching our lives.